A Formal Foundation for Knowledge Integration of Defficent Information in the Semantic Web

Maintenance of logical robustness in Information Integration represents a major challenge in the envisioned Semantic Web. In this framework, it is previsible unprecise information (with respect to an ontology) is retrieved from some resources. The sound integration of such information is crucial to achieve logical soundness. We present a data-driven approach to classify that knowledge by means of the cognitive entropy of the possible robust ontology extensions and data.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2004-0388

Extension of Ontologies Assisted by Automated Reasoning Systems

A method to extend ontologies with the assistance of automated reasoning systems and preserving a kind of completeness with respect to their associate conceptualizations is presented. The use of such systems makes feasible the ontological insertion of new concepts, but it is necessary to re-interpret the older ones with respect to new ontological commitments.We illustrate the method extending a well-known ontology about spatial relationships, the called Region Connection Calculus.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2004-0388

On the Use of Automated Reasoning Systems in Ontology Integration.

Ontology Integration is a challenge in the field of Knowledge Engineering, whose solution is indispensable for the envisioned Semantic Web. Some approximations suffer from logical confidence, and others are hard to mechanize. In this paper a method – assisted by Automated Reasoning Systems – to solve a subproblem, the merging of ontologies, is presented. A case study of application is drawn from the field of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning.Junta de Andalucía Minerva Services in Mobility Platform Project WeTeVe (2C/040

Semantics for incident identification and resolution reports

In order to achieve a safe and systematic treatment of security protocols, organizations release a number of technical briefings describing how to detect and manage security incidents. A critical issue is that this document set may suffer from semantic deficiencies, mainly due to ambiguity or different granularity levels of description and analysis. An approach to face this problem is the use of semantic methodologies in order to provide better Knowledge Externalization from incident protocols management. In this article, we propose a method based on semantic techniques for both, analyzing and specifying (meta)security requirements on protocols used for solving security incidents. This would allow specialist getting better documentation on their intangible knowledge about them.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-41086-

Mereotopological Patterns for Ontology Evolution and Debugging

In this paper the foundational principles and the application of a mereotopological theory, the Region Connection Calculus, for controlling the revision of formal ontologies by means of visual arrangements is presented. The visual representation of logical relationships between concepts of an ontology is defined, and it is computed by means of an automated theorem prover. The user can recognize mereotopological patterns in the visual representation, particularly those representing anomalies in the ontology. An intelligent tool called Paella is designed and implemented for this task. Also, the extension to this formalism for managing uncertainty in concept reasoning is described

Learning Services Based on Formal Concept Reasoning

A formal foundation of automated service discovering for Semantic Web is proposed. The approach is based on the formalization of the problem using an agent oriented programming language (ConGolog), as well as on the use of the Formal Concept Analysis as a tool for knowledge extraction.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN 2004- 0388

Using Cognitive Entropy to Manage Uncertain Concepts in Formal Ontologies

A logical formalism to support the insertion of uncertain concepts in formal ontologies is presented. It is based on the search of extensions by means of two automated reasoning systems (ARS), and it is driven by what we call cognitive entropy.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2004-0388

Foundational Challenges in Automated Data and Ontology Cleaning in the Semantic Web

The application of automated reasoning systems to data cleaning in the Semantic Web raises many challenges on the foundational basis of cleaning agent design. The authors discuss some of them. They finally argue that logic trust in the Semantic Web can only be achieved if it is based on certified reasoning.Junta de Andalucía TIC-13

Semantic Geodemography and Urban Interoperability

Nowadays there exists an increasing interest on the use of the information collected by cities coming from different resources as data with dynamic nature like the one provided by sensor networks, as static data associated to the socio-technical system that the city performs. As well as the Semantic Sensor Web allows the standardization of data, it is essential to give an appropriate dealing to geo-demographic data. In this paper, an approach to the semantization of the geo-demographic information is presented, with the aim of achieving interoperability within other systems of the geospatial cyberinfrastructure. Furthermore, fundamental aspects of the creation of ontologies by starting from socio-demographical systems are discussed and the process is illustrated with a case study.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2009-09492Junta de Andalucía TIC-606

Efeitos de um treinamento corretivo na elaboração e fundamentação de perguntas de pesquisa

Se analizaron los efectos de un entrenamiento correctivo en la identificación y elaboración de algunos elementos de artículos empíricos (enmarcados en el Análisis Experimental de la Conducta), en el que se estudiaron los efectos de la retroalimentación y las instrucciones en tareas de discriminación condicional, con el objetivo de registrar si ello promovía el ejercicio de habilidades para elaborar y fundamentar preguntas de investigación. Participaron 20 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad pública mexicana, con edades entre los 20 y 22 años, asignados al azar a dos grupos: experimental y control. Ambos grupos fueron expuestos a una Línea Base (LB), a dos fases de entrenamiento (excepto el control) y a una sesión de evaluación. En la LB y en la evaluación los participantes debían leer dos artículos experimentales y elaborar y justificar una pregunta de investigación novedosa derivada de estos. El grupo experimental fue expuesto a un entrenamiento correctivo en la identificación (ejercicio 1) y la elaboración (ejercicio 2) de diversos elementos de artículos científicos que tenían como objetivo auspiciar desempeños en niveles intrasituacional y extrasituacional, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los participantes del grupo experimental lograron una drástica mejoría en sus puntajes de aciertos de la LB a la evaluación, y que seis de los diez participantes fueran capaces de escribir y fundamentar sus preguntas de investigación en un nivel extrasituacional, lo que no ocurrió con los del grupo control en ningún aspecto. Los datos se discuten en términos de la importancia que tiene identificar estrategias efectivas para la formación de nuevos investigadores, sobre todo en lo relativo al desarrollo de habilidades lectoescritoras.Analisaram-se os efeitos de um treinamento corretivo na identificação e elaboração de alguns elementos de artigos empíricos (dentro da Análise Experimental da Conduta), em que se analisavam os efeitos da retroalimentação e das instruções em tarefas de discriminação condicional, com o objetivo de registrar se isso promovia o exercício de habilidades para elaborar e fundamentar perguntas de pesquisa. Participaram 20 estudantes de psicologia de uma universidade pública mexicana, com idade entre 20 e 22 anos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: experimental o controle. Ambos grupos foram expostos a uma Linha Base (LB), a duas fases de treinamento (exceto o controle) e a uma sessão de avaliação. Na LB e na avaliação os participantes deviam ler dois artigos experimentais e elaborar e justificar uma pergunta de pesquisa inovadora derivada dos mesmos. O grupo experimental foi exposto a um treinamento corretivo na identificação (exercício 1) e na elaboração (exercício 2) de diversos elementos de artigos científicos que tinham como objetivo estimular desempenhos em níveis intrasituacionais e extrasituacionais, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos participantes do grupo experimental conseguiram uma drástica melhoria em suas pontuações de acertos da LB à avaliação, e que seis dos dez participantes foram capazes de escrever e fundamentar suas perguntas de pesquisa em um nível extrasituacional, o que não aconteceu com os do grupo controle em nenhum aspecto. Os dados discutem-se em termos da importância que possuem para identificar estratégias efetivas para a formação de novos pesquisadores, sobretudo no relativo ao desenvolvimento de habilidades lecto-escritoras.The effects of corrective training in the identification and development of some elements of empirical articles (framed within the Experimental Analysis of Behavior) were analyzed. The impact of feedback and instructions on conditional discrimination tasks were studied with the aim of determining whether this would promote the development of skills to elaborate and substantiate research questions. Twenty psychology students from a Mexican public university aged between 20 and 22 years were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Both groups were exposed to a baseline, two training phases (except the control group) and to an assessment session. During baseline and assessment, participants read two experimental articles and formulated and justified a new research question derived from them. The experimental group was exposed to a corrective training in identifying (exercise 1) and developing (exercise 2) the various elements of scientific articles that were intended to improve reading and writing technical materials at extrasituational and intrasituational levels. Results showed that for most participants in the experimental group, correct answers increased in comparison to baseline and that six of the ten participants were able to write and justify their research questions at an extrasituational level. The control group failed on both counts. Data are discussed in terms of the importance of identifying effective strategies for training new researchers, especially regarding the development of reading and writing skills